Between 2014 and 2018 the institute executed 31 election simulations where the D21 -Janeček method was applied and tested along with other voting methods.
Research Objectives
- To investigate and compare voting behaviour under different selected voting methods;
- To empirically test and measure the impact of voting methods on election outcomes.
Overview of Surveys (PDF) >
2018 Senate Elections
Investigative Themes
- Candidates favourability under different voting methods;
- Susceptibility and vulnerability of voting methods to different strategic voting;
- Impact of voter profile and political knowledge on voting behaviour;
- Voter engagement and political participation.
Voting Methods Applied
- First-past-the-post voting (FPTP)
- D21 - Janeček Method with three plus and one minus votes
- Approval Voting (AV)
- Combined Approval Voting (CAV)
- Majority Judgement (MJ)
- Instant-runoff Voting (IRV)
Research Methodology
N = 4,096 respondents (18+), weighted sample of 1,703 voters
September 28th - October 6th 2018
Method of the Data Collection
Representative sample of the voting population in selected 5 districts: Chomutov, Třebíč, Ostrava - město, Brno - město, Praha 2. Based on random sampling and weighting of the collected data.
Data is representative for the adult population from the selected districts based on:
- socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education)
- age x education, gender x age, working status
- participation and indicated party preference in the 2017 Parliamentary elections
- participation and candidate preference in the first round of the 2018 Senate elections
MEDIAN s.r.o. and STEM/MARK, a.s.
Random and statistical error of +/- 1.5 % for responses of the 5 % and of +/- 4 % for responses of the 50 % of the sample
Vote structure under the Janeček Method (D21)
The average number of Plus votes: 2.42
The average number of Minus votes: 0.69
2018 Senate Elections
Investigative Themes
- Methodological and evidence-based assessment of the D21 - Janeček method viability;
- Impact of the D21 - Janeček method on election results;
- Voting behaviour under the D21 - Janeček method;
- Candidates favourability under different voting methods;
- Impact of voter profile on voting behaviour.
Voting Methods Applied
- First-past-the-post voting (FPTP)
- The D21 - Janeček method with three plus and one minus votes
Research Methodology
N = 2,568 respondents (18+), weighted sample of 1,754 voters
January 12th - January 13th 2018
Method of the Data Collection
Representative sample of the Czech population based on random sampling and weighting of the collected data.
Data is representative for the adult population of the Czech Republic districts based on:
- socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, residency size)
- age x education, gender x age, working status
- participation and indicated party preference in the 2017 Parliamentary elections
- participation and candidate preference in the first round of the 2018 Presidential elections
MEDIAN s.r.o. and STEM/MARK, a.s.
Random and statistical error of +/- 1.5 % for responses of the 5 % and of +/- 4 % for responses of the 50 % of the sample
Vote structure under the Janeček Method (D21)
The average number of Plus votes: 2.34
The average number of Minus votes: 0.78
Results of Representative Survey (PDF) >
Analysis of Prezident 21 Results (PDF) >
Visit the Prezident 21 website >
2014 Municipal Elections
Investigative Themes
- Methodological and evidence-based assessment of the D21 - Janeček method viability;
- Impact of the D21 - Janeček method on election results;
- Impact of the D21 - Janeček method on election results;
- Candidates favourability under different voting methods;
- Impact of voter profile on voting behaviour.
Voting Methods Applied
- First-past-the-post voting (FPTP)
- The D21 - Janeček method with three plus and one minus votes
Research Methodology
N = 3,965 respondents (18+)
October 11th - October 12th 2014
Method of the Data Collection
Representative sample of the voting population in 13 selected cities:
a) large cities: Praha, Olomouc, Liberec, Teplice, Karlovy Vary
b) medium cities: Říčany, Nový Jičín, Hodonín, Tábor, Ostrov
c) small cities: Držovice, Velká Polom, Chýněbased on random sampling
Data is representative for the adult population of the selected cities based on:
- socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education, residency)
Random and statistical error of +/- 1.5 % for responses of the 5 % and +/- 4 % for responses of the 50 % of the sample
Vote structure under the Janeček Method (D21)
The average number of Plus votes: 1.67
The average number of Minus votes: 0.53
Findings from 31 Election Simulations
1. The majority of voters cast more than one vote when allowed.
- On average, 32% of voters used only one vote.
- On average, 64% of voters used all Plus votes.
- On average, 53% of voters used the Minus vote.
2. Voter knowledge of candidates was the key factor influencing the number of votes cast.
- The more candidates a voter knew, the more votes he/she cast.
- Older (60+) and less educated voters used fewer votes.
3. The D21 - Janeček method favours candidates with broader support.
- Winning candidates under the D21 - Janeček method are the recipients of the second and third Plus votes.
- The results display tendencies in the Minus vote concentration in 28 out of 31 cases.
4. Under the D21 - Janeček method the winners were different in six out 31 simulated elections compared to the official results.
- In four out of these six cases, the election outcomes were different due to the availability of the multiple Plus votes.
- In two out of these six cases, the election outcomes were different due to the availability of the Minus vote.
Contacts
Are you interested in the D21 - Janeček method and the research conducted by the Institute H21? Do you want to cooperate with us on research projects?
info@ih21.cz
